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The Rate Constant of Sequencing: On the Physical Identity of c

      The Rate Constant of Sequencing On the Physical Identity of c     Juliet Zhong Independent Researcher, London, United Kingdom ORCID: 0009-0006-5099-3671   Abstract The constant c enters modern physics as "the speed of light in vacuum"—a description that was accurate in 1865, and has been progressively inaccurate ever since. By 1905, c governed the invariant structure of spacetime; by 1915, it regulated the coupling between geometry and energy-momentum; by 1983, it had become the definitional basis from which the unit of length is derived, having ceased to be a measured quantity of any kind. Across this trajectory, the entity to which c is nominally attached—light—is a contingent occupant of the class of massless fields, all of which propagate at c for reasons that have nothing to do with light in particular. This paper identifies what c is, across the full breadth of its theoretical role. The argument proceeds from a feature ...
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Symmetry-Constrained Pairing and Finite-Momentum Superconductivity in Altermagnetic Systems

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    Symmetry-Constrained Pairing and Finite-Momentum Superconductivity in Altermagnetic Systems   Juliet Zhong Independent Researcher | London, United Kingdom | July 2026 ORCID: 0009-0006-5099-3671 Abstract The interplay between magnetic order and superconductivity has long been understood through the lens of pair-breaking: magnetic exchange fields suppress Cooper pairing by splitting the degeneracy of time-reversed electronic states. Altermagnetism—a recently identified magnetic phase characterised by collinear spin order, zero net magnetisation, and momentum-dependent spin splitting arising from crystal symmetry—disrupts this conventional picture. Here we present a symmetry-constrained momentum-space analysis that reinterprets superconducting pairing in altermagnetic systems not as a competition between two antagonistic orders, but as a structural reorganisation of pairing channels governed by the underlying crystal symmetry, leading to a calculab...
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Ripple-Instantiation Cosmogenesis [Part II]: Computational Formalisation and Numerical Validation

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Note: This paper is Part II of the Ripple-Instantiation Cosmogenesis series; the preprint is available at:  https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10383861/v1  Part I of this paper, which establishes the ontological foundation and the formal definition of the projection operator Π, is available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9601290/v1 and  http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6753518     Ripple-Instantiation Cosmogenesis [Part II] Computational Formalisation and Numerical Validation     Juliet Zhong Independent Researcher | London, United Kingdom | 15 July 2026 ORCID: 0009-0006-5099-3671 | AI research Tool: Claude, ChatGPT   Abstract Part I of the Ripple-Instantiation Cosmogenesis series [1] established the ontological foundation for a non-evolutionary cosmogenesis model in which observable three-dimensional spacetime (S³D) is generated as a structural projection from a six-dimensional primordial nucleus (S⁶D) through ...
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Resolving Hawking's Information Paradox Within Established Physics (The Second Theory)

Author’s Note: Hawking’s Paradox: Answered by Two Theories consists of 18 chapters divided into four parts. This preprint presents an abbreviated version of the second theory. Interested publishers are welcome to contact the author through this website.       Resolving Hawking's Information Paradox Within Established Physics   Juliet Zhong Independent Researcher 8 July 2026 | ORCID: 0009-0006-5099-3671 AI research Tool: Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini     Abstract This work re-examines Hawking’s black hole information paradox entirely within the framework of established physics. By integrating general relativity, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and information theory, this work argues that Hawking’s information paradox need not constitute a fundamental paradox: the apparent contradiction arises from conflating inaccessible information with destroyed information. Hawking radiation is not interpreted as particles escaping fr...
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