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The Observer and Spacetime: On the Existential Precondition of Physical Theory [The Observer Series P1]

The preprint version is available on SSRN: The Observer and Spacetime: On the Existential Precondition of Physical Theory (August 18, 2026). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7316678 [The Observer Series P1]   The Observer and Spacetime: On the Existential Precondition of Physical Theory   Juliet Zhong Independent Researcher | London, United Kingdom | August 2026 ORCID: 0009-0006-5099-3671 Abstract This paper argues that the observer is not a peripheral element in physics but the existential precondition without which physical theory loses its empirical content. Using a series of thought experiments grounded in special relativity, the paper demonstrates that the construction of a reference frame—the foundational operation upon which all of relativistic physics depends—requires an entity capable of measurement, and that measurement, in every instance, presupposes an observing system. When this precondition is removed, the formal apparatus of special relati...

住在四樓的女人

  住在四樓的女人 我夢見一個住在公寓四樓的女人,她和我居住的地方不一樣。我夢見她是一個短髮,身材纖瘦的一個30多歲的獨居女人。她養著一隻貓。 她居住的公寓是倫敦肯森頓高街旁邊的一棟老房子,從那棟樓走出來,需要經過一段狹窄的單行道才能進入寬敞的高街。由於是在市中心商業街的位置,就連她大樓的對面都有商鋪,大約100米遠的位置,還有一個賣古董和家具的古董店。 她住在四樓,也就是英國人說的3rd floor,沒有電梯。她穿著一件米白色沒有掐腰的休閑款式的長裙。 這天早上,她到樓下去扔垃圾,因爲想著馬上就會回家,她沒有鎖門,而是留個門縫。她下樓走到一樓出口的公寓共用的垃圾桶,扔完垃圾,突然看到斜對面的那家古董家具店扔出來了一個不要的櫃子。看上去像是五六十年代的那種普通的家具櫃,因爲年代不夠久遠,不值錢,古董店爲了騰地方,就不要,扔出來了,放在店鋪的門外,貼上了可以自取的紙條。 櫃子是法式的設計,四條小短腿是弧形的,淺棕色的老式油漆,倒也沒怎麽損壞。她站在門口猶豫了一下,正在想要不要去搬這個櫃子,又想到這種法式古董家具的風格和她家裏極簡的現代風格的家具似乎不太搭。就在她打算回身上樓的時候,她突然看到另一個亞洲女人,也住在這條街上的一個韓國女人,從古董店裏走出來,看到了這個沒人要的櫃子。 櫃子雖然不大,也就一米高,但也是實木做的,非常結實耐用,也很重,她一個人肯定搬不動。她看到那個韓國女人繞著櫃子觀察了一下,摸了摸櫃門的材質,然後果斷地撕掉了古董店貼的請自便拿走的紙條。她正在琢磨韓國女人一個人怎麽般得動這麽重的櫃子,要不要過去幫忙,卻只見韓國女人居然把櫃子平放到地上,櫃子的背面朝下,然後她居然彎腰用手把櫃子推到了馬路上,再從馬路把櫃子一直往她這邊推過來。 她這麽平推當然省力,但是毫無疑問,櫃子背面的木頭和油漆都會被馬路擦花。不過如果她把櫃子靠墻放,倒是也看不到。 扔垃圾的女人看到她這麽搬櫃子,雖然有些驚訝,但也知道她不需要人幫忙,就不再觀望,轉身上樓回家了。 她經過古老的木製扶手的樓梯回到四樓,路過三樓時發現三樓公寓的門也半開著,她知道這裏也住著一個亞洲女人,好像是日本人。肯森頓這一帶住著很多亞洲來的房客,一是因爲購物方便,位置在市中心和高街旁邊,二是因爲這附近就有好幾家日本商店,所以吸引了很多日韓的房客。 當她走到四樓,才發現她公寓的門雖然半開著沒有變,門口卻蹲著一個...

The Origin of Thunderstorm Charge Separation: Structural asymmetry and directional electron capture in ice–graupel collisions

The preprint version is available on SSRN: The Origin of Thunderstorm Charge Separation: Structural Asymmetry and Directional Electron Capture in Ice-Graupel Collisions (August 17, 2026). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7309279        T he O rigin of T hunderstorm C harge S eparation Structural asymmetry and directional electron capture in ice–graupel collisions     Juliet Zhong Independent Researcher, London, United Kingdom. ORCID: 0009-0006-5099-3671 | August 2026   Abstract The microscopic origin of charge separation during collisions between ice crystals and graupel in thunderstorm clouds is a longstanding open problem. Recent measurements establishing that hexagonal ice is a strong flexoelectric material suggest one candidate mechanism, but any mechanism rooted in an intrinsic, season-independent material property must still explain why global lightning frequency is governed by convective intensity, peaking sharply in local su...